Ƙwayar Zarra

Ƙwayar Zarra - Atom

Gabatarwa

A darasi na takwas, mun fahimci cewa, mata ita ce dukkan abin da ke da nauyi sannan kuma zai iya mamaye muhalli. Sannan kuma mun ga irin yanayoyinta da kuma siffofinta, halayenta da kuma yadda take sassauyawa da kuma kashe-kashenta.

A wannan darasin za mu duba sassanta mu gani. Abin nufi shi ne cewa za mu ragargaza ta domin mu ganta har hanjinta.

Mata samammiya ce daga wasu ƙananan sassa na ƙwayar zarra wadda a Turance aka kira Atom. Poulsen (2010), ya ruwaito cewa, shekaru 2500 da suka gabata, wani masanin falsafa, Democritus, ya bayyana cewa, dukkan abubuwan da ke duniya (matter), samammu ne daga wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyi waɗanda ya kira atomos waɗanda kuma basa ganuwa da idanu (a lokacin). Daga baya wasu mazartan kamar irin su Dalton suka zo suka sabunta bincikensa suka tabbatar da hakan inda shi Dalton ya ce matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms; wato mata samammiya ce daga wasu ‘yan mitsi-mitsin sassa da ake kira atoms, wadda a Hausance ake kira ƙwayar zarra.

Buɗe Wannan Bidiyon Domin Gani da Ji

Ƙwayar Zarra (Atom)

Bertsch, McGrayne da Trefil (2020). Sun ce: Atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. Abin nufi, ƙwayar zarra, ita ce yanki mafi ƙanƙanta wadda za a iya gutsuttsura mata zuwa matakinta ba tare da sakin sassa, cajajju daga lantarki ba.

A nan ana nufin cewa, ƙwayar zarra ita ce ɓangare mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda idan aka gutsuttsura mata zuwa wannan mataki za ta iya yayyaguwa ba tare da ta rasa sassanta cajajju daga lantarki ba. Idan kuma ya yi ƙasa da wannan, to ya zama ba atom ba kenan.

Tsarin Ƙwayar Zarra (Structure of Atom)

Ƙwayar zarra, samammiya ce daga wasu ‘yan mitsi-mitsin sassa. Ana siffanta ta da wannan hoto na ƙasa.

Farawa daga tsakiyar hoton, akwai wata da’ira a ciki, wannan da’ira sunanta nucleus, a cikinta akwai wasu mitsi-mitsin sassa guda biyu; proton da kuma neutron. Ana alamta proton da alamar Tarawa (+), ita kuma neutron ana yi mata alamar ɗebewa (-). Sannan akwai wasu mitsi-mitsin sassan kuma da suka zagaye nucleus da ake kira electrons waɗanda ake alamtawa da sifili (0).

A bisa taƙaitawa, daga farko zuwa ƙarshen wannan darasi, mun fahimci cewa, ƙwayoyin zarra wato atoms ne suka samar da mata. Ita kuma atom ita ce yanki ko ɓangaren mata mafi ƙaranta wanda za a iya rarraba ta ba tare da ta rasa cajinta na lantarki ba. Sannan kuma ita kanta atom ɗin tana da sassa guda biyu waɗanda idan aka yayyaga su za su zama uku; nucleus wanda ita ce cibiyar atom kuma kuma take ɗauke da mitsi-mitsin ɓangarori biyu; proton da neutron sai kuma electron da suka zagaye nucleus.

Ana alamta proton da alamar Tarawa (+), neutron kuma alamar ɗebewa (-), ita kuma electron ana yi mata alama da sifili (0).

Manazarta:

Anatomy & Physiology (2020). Atom and Elements. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://anatomyandphysiologyi.com/atoms-and-elements/

Bertsch G.F., McGrayne S.B. da Trefil J. (2020). Atom. An ciro a shekarar 2020 dga shafin: https://www.britannica.com/science/atom

Poulsen T. (2010). Introduction to Chemistry. CK-12 Foundation. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: wwww.ck12.org

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